Test 2 · Soil and what lives in it

Which is true about a forest floor?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be

This is test 2 of lesson 63 «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	7 floor	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 floor	det
6	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 floor	compound
7	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about a forest floor; true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The leaves are all blown away by the wind each winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leaves	det
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 blown	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 blown	aux:pass
4	all	all	ADV	_	5 blown	advmod
5	blown	blow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	away	away	ADV	_	5 blown	advmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 wind	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wind	det
9	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 blown	obl
10	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	11 winter	det
11	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 blown	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow away	present · passive	the wind	the leaves			winter	all, away property	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 2

The trees take the dead leaves back into their trunks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 trees	det
2	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 take	nsubj
3	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 leaves	det
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 leaves	amod
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 take	obj
7	back	back	ADV	_	3 take	advmod
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 trunks	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 trunks	nmod:poss
10	trunks	trunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 take	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	the trees	the dead leaves		trees's trunks			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme into trunk=Destination

Option 3

Fallen leaves stay there forever because nothing eats them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fallen	fallen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 leaves	amod
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stay	nsubj
3	stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 stay	advmod
5	forever	forever	ADV	_	3 stay	advmod
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 eats	mark
7	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	8 eats	nsubj
8	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stay	advcl
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 eats	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present	Fallen leaves			there		forever property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	eat	present	nothing	leaves = leaf					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Fallen leaves are broken down by fungi, bacteria and small animals into humus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fallen	fallen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 leaves	amod
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 broken	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 broken	aux:pass
4	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	down	down	ADP	_	4 broken	compound:prt
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 fungi	case
7	fungi	fungus	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 broken	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 bacteria	punct
9	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fungi	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 animals	cc
11	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 animals	amod
12	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fungi	conj
13	into	into	ADP	_	14 humus	case
14	humus	humus	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 broken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break down	present · passive	fungi and bacteria and small animals	Fallen leaves				into humus result	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent subject=Patient into humus=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/t2/