Exam question 1 · Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the flow of heat between two bodies?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: heat · What happens: follow, characteris, flow · To what, where: flow

This is exam question 1 of lesson 82 «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 flow	det
10	flow	flow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 heat	case
12	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 flow	nmod
13	between	between	ADP	_	15 bodies	case
14	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 bodies	nummod
15	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 flow	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the flow of heat	of the following statements; between two bodies; accurately property	tree rules
3	flow		heat		between two bodies	nom flow «event intransitive»: of=agent between=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It flows only when both bodies are of metal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 flows	nsubj
2	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 bodies	advmod
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 bodies	advmod
5	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	6 bodies	det
6	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flows	obl
7	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin	2 flows	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 metal	case
9	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 are	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	It	both bodies					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	be	present						of metal	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It flows from the hotter to the colder until their temperatures are equal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 flows	nsubj
2	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 hotter	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 hotter	det
5	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 flows	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 colder	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 colder	det
8	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 hotter	obl
9	until	until	SCONJ	_	13 equal	mark
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 temperatures	nmod:poss
11	temperatures	temperature	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 equal	nsubj
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 equal	cop
13	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 hotter	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	It			the hotter			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	their temperatures					equal property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It flows in both directions in equal amounts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 flows	nsubj
2	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 directions	case
4	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	5 directions	det
5	directions	direction	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flows	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 amounts	case
7	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 amounts	amod
8	amounts	amount	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	It			both directions		in equal amounts	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Location

Option 4

It flows from the colder to the hotter without end

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 flows	nsubj
2	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 colder	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 colder	det
5	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 flows	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 hotter	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hotter	det
8	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 colder	obl
9	without	without	ADP	_	10 end	case
10	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colder	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	It			the colder			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/82-heat-and-temperature/e1/