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Test 7 · ★ · Saving water and energy at home

Mia says, "Water is free because it falls from the sky." What is she missing?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Mia, Water · What happens: say, be, fall, miss · To what, where: sky · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 89 «Saving water and energy at home» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mia says, "Water is free because it falls from the sky."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 free	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 free	punct
5	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 free	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 free	cop
7	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	ccomp
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 falls	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 falls	nsubj
10	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 free	advcl
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 sky	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sky	det
13	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 falls	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mia						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	Water					free property	tree rules
3	fall in a quote	present	Water			the sky			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sky=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is she missing?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 missing	obj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 missing	aux
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 missing	nsubj
4	missing	miss	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 missing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	miss	present · progressive	Mia						vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus

The options

Option 1

Rain water never reaches rivers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 water	compound
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reaches	nsubj
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 reaches	advmod
4	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reaches	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not reach	present	Rain water	rivers					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent river=Theme

Option 2

Rain is too salty to fall on cities

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 salty	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 salty	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 salty	advmod
4	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fall	mark
6	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 salty	xcomp
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 cities	case
8	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fall	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Rain					salty property	tree rules
2	fall	to-infinitive	Rain not said here			cities			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on city=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Taps make the water themselves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Taps	tap	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 water	det
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 make	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Taps	the water					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset water=Beneficiary themselves=Product

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Cleaning and pumping it to taps costs energy and money

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cleaning	clean	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 costs	csubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 pumping	cc
3	pumping	pump	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Cleaning	conj
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 pumping	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 taps	case
6	taps	tap	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pumping	obl
7	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 costs	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 money	cc
10	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 energy	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clean	gerund							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	pump	gerund		it				to taps	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	cost	present	Cleaning	energy and money					vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme energy=Value

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/89-saving-water-and-energy/t7/