Exam question 1 · Being a scientist — fair tests, guesses and evidence

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a fair test?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: fair test

This is exam question 1 of lesson 91 «Being a scientist — fair tests, guesses and evidence» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 test	det
10	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 test	amod
11	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a fair test				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The result is decided before the test

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 result	det
2	result	result	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 decided	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 decided	aux:pass
4	decided	decide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	before	before	ADP	_	7 test	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 test	det
7	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 decided	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decide	present · passive		the result			before the test		vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Only one thing is changed and everything else is kept the same

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	5 changed	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 thing	nummod
3	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 changed	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 changed	aux:pass
5	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 kept	cc
7	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	10 kept	nsubj:pass
8	else	else	ADV	_	7 everything	advmod
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 kept	aux:pass
10	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 changed	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 same	det
12	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 kept	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present · passive		one thing					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	keep	present · passive		everything				same property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

Every condition is changed at the same time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 condition	det
2	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changed	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 changed	aux:pass
4	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 time	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 time	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 time	amod
8	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present · passive		every condition			time		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

Nothing whatsoever is changed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	whatsoever	whatsoever	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 changed	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 changed	aux:pass
4	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Nothing	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present · passive		whatsoever					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/91-being-a-scientist/e1/