What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in, sentence 6
Woodlice live in dark, damp places because they are crustaceans, cousins of crabs, with 14 legs (insects such as beetles have 6) and gill-like breathing parts that must stay moist, so dry sunny air can kill them within hours.
Who acts: Woodlice, insects, gill breathing parts, dry sunny air · What happens: live, be, have, breathe, stay, kill · To what, where: dark damp places, crustaceans, 6, Woodlice
This is a sentence of the lesson «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Woodlice, insects, gill breathing parts, dry sunny air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Woodlice | woodlice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | nsubj |
| 2 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 places | case |
| 4 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 places | amod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 dark | punct |
| 6 | damp | damp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 places | amod |
| 7 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obl |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 11 crustaceans | mark |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 crustaceans | nsubj |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 crustaceans | cop |
| 11 | crustaceans | crustacean | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 cousins | punct |
| 13 | cousins | cousin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 crustaceans | conj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 crabs | case |
| 15 | crabs | crab | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 cousins | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 legs | punct |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 legs | case |
| 18 | 14 | 14 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 legs | nummod |
| 19 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 crustaceans | conj |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 21 insects | punct |
| 21 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 crustaceans | appos |
| 22 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 24 beetles | case |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 such | fixed |
| 24 | beetles | beetle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 insects | nmod |
| 25 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 insects | acl |
| 26 | 6 | 6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 have | obj |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 have | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 gill | cc |
| 29 | gill | gill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 parts | amod |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 gill | punct |
| 31 | like | like | ADP | _ | 29 gill | case |
| 32 | breathing | breathe | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 parts | amod |
| 33 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 legs | conj |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 stay | nsubj |
| 35 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 stay | aux |
| 36 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 parts | acl:relcl |
| 37 | moist | moist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 stay | xcomp |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 kill | punct |
| 39 | so | so | ADV | _ | 44 kill | advmod |
| 40 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 air | amod |
| 41 | sunny | sunny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 air | amod |
| 42 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 kill | nsubj |
| 43 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 kill | aux |
| 44 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 live | conj |
| 45 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 kill | obj |
| 46 | within | within | ADP | _ | 47 hours | case |
| 47 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 kill | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Woodlice | dark damp places | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | Woodlice | crustaceans and cousins of crabs and 14 legs and gill breathing parts | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have | present | insects such beetles not said here | 6 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6=Patient | ||||
| 4 | breathe | gerund | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | stay | must | gill breathing parts | moist property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | kill | can | dry sunny air | Woodlice | hour | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:001-what-a-habitat-is.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/6/