What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in, sentence 7
European robins once followed wild boar and deer that churned up the soil; now they follow gardeners for worms, and both males and females sing in winter to defend a feeding territory.
Who acts: European robins, wild boar, robins, males · What happens: follow, churn up, sing, defend · To what, where: wild boar, soil, gardeners, feeding territory
This is a sentence of the lesson «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European robins, wild boar, robins, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 robins | amod |
| 2 | robins | robin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 followed | nsubj |
| 3 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 4 followed | advmod |
| 4 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 follow | conj |
| 5 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 boar | amod |
| 6 | boar | boar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 followed | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 deer | cc |
| 8 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 boar | conj |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 churned | nsubj |
| 10 | churned | churn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 boar | acl:relcl |
| 11 | up | up | ADP | _ | 10 churned | compound:prt |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 soil | det |
| 13 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 churned | obj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 follow | punct |
| 15 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 follow | advmod |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 follow | nsubj |
| 17 | follow | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | gardeners | gardener | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 follow | obj |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 worms | case |
| 20 | worms | worm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 follow | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 sing | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 sing | cc |
| 23 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 males | det |
| 24 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 sing | nsubj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 females | cc |
| 26 | females | female | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 males | conj |
| 27 | sing | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 follow | conj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 winter | case |
| 29 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 sing | obl |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 defend | mark |
| 31 | defend | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 sing | advcl |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 territory | det |
| 33 | feeding | feeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 territory | compound |
| 34 | territory | territory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 defend | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 followed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | past | European robins | wild boar and deer | once property | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boar=Theme | |||
| 2 | churn up | past | wild boar and deer | the soil | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Product | ||||
| 3 | follow | present | robins = robin | gardeners | now | for worms | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent gardener=Theme for worm=Attribute | ||
| 4 | sing speech: express | present | both males and females | winter | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | defend | to-infinitive | both males and females not said here | a feeding territory | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent territory=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:001-what-a-habitat-is.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/7/