Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 1
A pond is a jungle in miniature: at a pond-dipping tray you can watch a dragonfly larva shoot out its hinged jaw and grab a tadpole, while a pond skater walks on the water's stretchy skin above.
Who acts: pond, you, pond skater · What happens: be, dip, watch, shoot out, hinge, grab · To what, where: jungle, miniature, dipping tray, hinged jaw, tadpole, stretchy skin
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pond, you, pond skater), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 pond | det |
| 2 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 jungle | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 jungle | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 jungle | det |
| 5 | jungle | jungle | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 miniature | case |
| 7 | miniature | miniature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 jungle | nmod |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 jungle | punct |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 tray | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 tray | det |
| 11 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dipping | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 pond | punct |
| 13 | dipping | dip | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 tray | amod |
| 14 | tray | tray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 watch | obl |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 watch | nsubj |
| 16 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 watch | aux |
| 17 | watch | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 jungle | parataxis |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 larva | det |
| 19 | dragonfly | dragonfly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 larva | compound |
| 20 | larva | larva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 shoot | compound |
| 21 | shoot | shoot | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 watch | xcomp |
| 22 | out | out | ADP | _ | 21 shoot | compound:prt |
| 23 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 jaw | nmod:poss |
| 24 | hinged | hinge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 jaw | amod |
| 25 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 shoot | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 grab | cc |
| 27 | grab | grab | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 shoot | conj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 tadpole | det |
| 29 | tadpole | tadpole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 grab | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 walks | punct |
| 31 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 35 walks | mark |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 skater | det |
| 33 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 skater | compound |
| 34 | skater | skater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 walks | nsubj |
| 35 | walks | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 grab | advcl |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 41 skin | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 water | det |
| 38 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 skin | nmod:poss |
| 39 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 38 water | case |
| 40 | stretchy | stretchy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 skin | amod |
| 41 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 walks | obl |
| 42 | above | above | ADV | _ | 41 skin | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 jungle | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a pond | a jungle | miniature | tree rules | |||
| 2 | dip | gerund | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | watch | can | you | a dipping tray | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | shoot out | infinitive | you not said here | tray's hinged jaw | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Theme | ||||
| 5 | hinge | participle | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | grab | infinitive | you not said here | a tadpole | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tadpole=Theme | ||||
| 7 | walk | present | a pond skater | the water's stretchy skin | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on skin=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/1/