The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 10
Rhino horn is made of keratin, the same stuff as hair and fingernails; it is no medicine, but people who wrongly think it is pay poachers who kill rhinos for it.
Who acts: horn, people, pay poachers · What happens: make, be, think, kill · To what, where: Rhino horn, medicine, pay poachers, rhinos · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horn, people, pay poachers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rhino | Rhino | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 horn | compound |
| 2 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | aux:pass |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 keratin | case |
| 6 | keratin | keratin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 stuff | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 stuff | det |
| 9 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 stuff | amod |
| 10 | stuff | stuff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 keratin | appos |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 hair | case |
| 12 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 stuff | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 fingernails | cc |
| 14 | fingernails | fingernail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 hair | conj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 medicine | punct |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 medicine | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 medicine | cop |
| 18 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 19 medicine | det |
| 19 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | parataxis |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 think | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 think | cc |
| 22 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 think | nsubj |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 think | nsubj |
| 24 | wrongly | wrongly | ADV | _ | 25 think | advmod |
| 25 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 made | conj |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 poachers | nsubj |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 poachers | cop |
| 28 | pay | pay | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 poachers | amod |
| 29 | poachers | poacher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 think | ccomp |
| 30 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 kill | nsubj |
| 31 | kill | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 poachers | acl:relcl |
| 32 | rhinos | rhino | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 kill | obj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 it | case |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 kill | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | Rhino horn | of keratin | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | horn | no medicine | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | infinitive | people | wrongly property | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | horn | pay poachers | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | kill | present | pay poachers | rhinos | for rhino | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rhino=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
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