The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas, sentence 5

Hippos cannot really swim; they are so heavy that they sink, so they walk or bounce along the bottom and push up to breathe.

Who acts: Hippos, tusks · What happens: not swim, be, sink, walk, bounce, push up · To what, where: bottom

This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hippos, tusks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hippos	hippo	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 swim	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 swim	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 swim	advmod
4	really	really	ADV	_	5 swim	advmod
5	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 heavy	punct
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 heavy	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 heavy	cop
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 heavy	advmod
10	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 swim	parataxis
11	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 sink	mark
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 sink	nsubj
13	sink	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 heavy	advcl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 sink	punct
15	so	so	ADV	_	17 walk	advmod
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 walk	nsubj
17	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 sink	advcl
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 bounce	cc
19	bounce	bounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 walk	conj
20	along	along	ADP	_	22 bottom	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 bottom	det
22	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 bounce	obl
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 push	cc
24	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 walk	conj
25	up	up	ADP	_	24 push	compound:prt
26	to	to	PART	_	27 breathe	mark
27	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 push	advcl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 swim	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	not swim	can	Hippos			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	tusks = tusk		heavy property	tree rules
3	sink	present	tusks = tusk			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	walk	present	tusks = tusk			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	bounce	present	tusks = tusk not said here	the bottom		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory
6	push up	present	tusks = tusk not said here			vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
7	breathe	to-infinitive	tusks = tusk not said here			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/5/