The polar zone: polar bears, sentence 0
Stand at the underwater window of the polar zone and a polar bear glides past, paddling with front paws as big as dinner plates and steering with its back legs, because in the wild it swims between pieces of sea ice to hunt seals.
Who acts: you, polar bear, bear · What happens: stand, glide, paddle, steer, swim, hunt · To what, where: underwater window, wild, seals
This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, polar bear, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stand | stand | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 window | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 window | det |
| 4 | underwater | underwater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 window | compound |
| 5 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Stand | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 zone | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 zone | det |
| 8 | polar | polar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 zone | amod |
| 9 | zone | zone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 window | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 glides | cc |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 bear | det |
| 12 | polar | polar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 bear | amod |
| 13 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 glides | nsubj |
| 14 | glides | glide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Stand | conj |
| 15 | past | past | ADV | _ | 14 glides | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 paddling | punct |
| 17 | paddling | paddle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 glides | advcl |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 paws | case |
| 19 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 paws | amod |
| 20 | paws | paw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 paddling | obl |
| 21 | as | as | ADV | _ | 22 big | advmod |
| 22 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 paddling | parataxis |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 plates | case |
| 24 | dinner | dinner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 plates | compound |
| 25 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 big | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 steering | cc |
| 27 | steering | steer | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 paddling | conj |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 legs | case |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 legs | nmod:poss |
| 30 | back | back | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 legs | amod |
| 31 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 steering | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 swims | punct |
| 33 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 38 swims | mark |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 wild | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 wild | det |
| 36 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 swims | obl |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 swims | nsubj |
| 38 | swims | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Stand | conj |
| 39 | between | between | ADP | _ | 40 pieces | case |
| 40 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 swims | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 ice | case |
| 42 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 ice | compound |
| 43 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 pieces | nmod |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 hunt | mark |
| 45 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 swims | advcl |
| 46 | seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 hunt | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Stand | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | imperative | you not said here | the underwater window of the polar zone | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at window=Location | ||||
| 2 | glide | present | a polar bear | past property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | paddle | gerund | a polar bear not said here | with front paws | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | steer | gerund | a polar bear not said here | with bear's back legs | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | swim | present | bear | the wild | between pieces of sea ice | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wild=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | hunt | to-infinitive | bear not said here | seals | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/0/