The polar zone: polar bears, sentence 11
The soles of a polar bear's paws have fur and small bumps that grip the ice and keep the feet warm.
Who acts: soles, small bumps · What happens: have, grip, keep · To what, where: fur, ice, feet
This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soles, small bumps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 soles | det |
| 2 | soles | sole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 have | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 paws | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 bear | det |
| 5 | polar | polar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 bear | amod |
| 6 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 paws | nmod:poss |
| 7 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 6 bear | case |
| 8 | paws | paw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 soles | nmod |
| 9 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | fur | fur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 have | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 bumps | cc |
| 12 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 bumps | amod |
| 13 | bumps | bump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 fur | conj |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 grip | nsubj |
| 15 | grip | grip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 bumps | acl:relcl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 ice | det |
| 17 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 grip | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 keep | cc |
| 19 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 grip | conj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 feet | det |
| 21 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 keep | obj |
| 22 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 keep | xcomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the soles of a polar bear's paws | fur and small bumps | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient | ||||
| 2 | grip | present | small bumps | the ice | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | keep | present | small bumps not said here | the feet | warm property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/11/