The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 4

Sloths spend almost all their lives hanging upside down and move very slowly to save energy, because leaves give little of it, and they climb down only about once a week to go to the toilet.

Who acts: Sloths, leaves · What happens: spend, hang, move, save, give, climb down · To what, where: lives, upside, energy, little, toilet

This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sloths, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sloths	sloth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spend	nsubj
2	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	almost	almost	ADV	_	4 all	advmod
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 lives	det:predet
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 lives	nmod:poss
6	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spend	obj
7	hanging	hang	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 spend	advcl
8	upside	upside	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hanging	obj
9	down	down	ADV	_	8 upside	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 move	cc
11	move	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 spend	conj
12	very	very	ADV	_	13 slowly	advmod
13	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	11 move	advmod
14	to	to	PART	_	15 save	mark
15	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 move	advcl
16	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 save	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 give	punct
18	because	because	SCONJ	_	20 give	mark
19	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 give	nsubj
20	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 spend	advcl
21	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 give	obj
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 it	case
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 little	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 climb	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 climb	cc
26	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 climb	nsubj
27	climb	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hanging	conj
28	down	down	ADV	_	27 climb	advmod
29	only	only	ADV	_	31 once	advmod
30	about	about	ADV	_	31 once	advmod
31	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	27 climb	advmod
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 week	det
33	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 once	obl:unmarked
34	to	to	PART	_	35 go	mark
35	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 climb	advcl
36	to	to	ADP	_	38 toilet	case
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 toilet	det
38	toilet	toilet	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 go	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spend	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	spend	present	Sloths	dinosaurs's lives			vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Asset
2	hang	gerund	Sloths not said here	upside			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Patient
3	move	present	Sloths not said here			slowly property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	save	to-infinitive	Sloths not said here	energy			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
5	give	present	leaves	little of sloth			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Theme
6	climb down	present	leaves = leaf			down, once property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	go	to-infinitive	leaves = leaf not said here		the toilet		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to toilet=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/4/