The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 5

Tiny algae grow in sloth fur and turn it green, which helps hide the sloth, moths live in the fur too, and a sloth can hold its breath for up to about 40 minutes by slowing its heart.

Who acts: Tiny algae, moths, sloth · What happens: grow, turn, help, hide, live, hold · To what, where: sloth fur, sloth, fur, breath, heart

This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tiny algae, moths, sloth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 algae	amod
2	algae	alga	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	nsubj
3	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 fur	case
5	sloth	sloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fur	compound
6	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 turn	cc
8	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 grow	conj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 turn	obj
10	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 turn	xcomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 helps	punct
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 helps	nsubj
13	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 grow	parataxis
14	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 helps	xcomp
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 sloth	det
16	sloth	sloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 hide	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 live	punct
18	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 live	nsubj
19	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 grow	parataxis
20	in	in	ADP	_	22 fur	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 fur	det
22	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 live	obl
23	too	too	ADV	_	19 live	advmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 hold	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 hold	cc
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 sloth	det
27	sloth	sloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 hold	nsubj
28	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	29 hold	aux
29	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 live	parataxis
30	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 breath	nmod:poss
31	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 hold	obj
32	for	for	ADP	_	37 minutes	case
33	up	up	ADV	_	36 40	advmod
34	to	to	ADP	_	37 minutes	case
35	about	about	ADV	_	36 40	advmod
36	40	40	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	37 minutes	nummod
37	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 hold	obl
38	by	by	SCONJ	_	39 slowing	mark
39	slowing	slow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	29 hold	advcl
40	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	41 heart	nmod:poss
41	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 slowing	obj
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 grow	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	Tiny algae		sloth fur			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fur=Location
2	turn	infinitive	Tiny algae not said here	sloth			green property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	help	present						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	hide	infinitive		the sloth				vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sloth=Patient
5	live	present	moths		the fur			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fur=Location
6	hold	can	a sloth	sloth's breath		minute		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme
7	slow	gerund	a sloth not said here	sloth's heart				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/5/