How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing, sentence 3
Its tools are amazing: eyes with a shiny mirror layer that makes them glow green in a torch beam, ears that turn on their own to point at a sound, and whiskers that sweep forward around the prey at the moment of the catch.
Who acts: tools, shiny mirror layer, ears, whiskers · What happens: be, make, glow, turn, point, sweep · To what, where: tools, torch beam, own, sound, prey
This is a sentence of the lesson «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tools, shiny mirror layer, ears, whiskers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 tools | nmod:poss |
| 2 | tools | tool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 amazing | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 amazing | cop |
| 4 | amazing | amazing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 eyes | punct |
| 6 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 amazing | parataxis |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 layer | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 layer | det |
| 9 | shiny | shiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 layer | amod |
| 10 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 layer | compound |
| 11 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 eyes | nmod |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 makes | nsubj |
| 13 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 layer | acl:relcl |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 makes | obj |
| 15 | glow | glow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 makes | xcomp |
| 16 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 glow | xcomp |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 beam | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 beam | det |
| 19 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 beam | compound |
| 20 | beam | beam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 glow | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 ears | punct |
| 22 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 layer | conj |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 turn | nsubj |
| 24 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 ears | acl:relcl |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 own | case |
| 26 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 own | nmod:poss |
| 27 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 turn | obl |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 point | mark |
| 29 | point | point | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 turn | advcl |
| 30 | at | at | ADP | _ | 32 sound | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 sound | det |
| 32 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 point | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 whiskers | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 whiskers | cc |
| 35 | whiskers | whisker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 layer | conj |
| 36 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 sweep | nsubj |
| 37 | sweep | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 whiskers | acl:relcl |
| 38 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 37 sweep | advmod |
| 39 | around | around | ADP | _ | 41 prey | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 prey | det |
| 41 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 sweep | obl |
| 42 | at | at | ADP | _ | 44 moment | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 moment | det |
| 44 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 sweep | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 catch | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 catch | det |
| 47 | catch | catch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 moment | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 amazing | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | cat's tools | amazing property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | present | a shiny mirror layer and ears and whiskers | tools = tool | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | glow | infinitive | tools = tool not said here | a torch beam | green property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in beam=Location | |||
| 4 | turn | present | ears | ears's own | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on own=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | point | to-infinitive | ears not said here | a sound | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | sweep | present | whiskers | the prey | moment | forward property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around prey=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/3/