Marty, Gloria and Melman: real zebras, hippos and giraffes, sentence 9

Hippos cannot really swim or float; their heavy bones make them sink, so they walk along the riverbed and push up for air about every five minutes, even in their sleep, without waking.

Who acts: Hippos, heavy bones, stripes · What happens: not swim, float, make, sink, walk, push up · To what, where: stripes, riverbed, sleep

This is a sentence of the lesson «Marty, Gloria and Melman: real zebras, hippos and giraffes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hippos, heavy bones, stripes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hippos	hippo	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 swim	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 swim	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 swim	advmod
4	really	really	ADV	_	5 swim	advmod
5	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 float	cc
7	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 swim	conj
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 swim	punct
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 bones	nmod:poss
10	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 bones	amod
11	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 make	nsubj
12	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 swim	parataxis
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 make	obj
14	sink	sink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 make	xcomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 walk	punct
16	so	so	ADV	_	18 walk	advmod
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 walk	nsubj
18	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 swim	conj
19	along	along	ADP	_	21 riverbed	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 riverbed	det
21	riverbed	riverbed	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 walk	obl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 push	cc
23	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 walk	conj
24	up	up	ADP	_	23 push	compound:prt
25	for	for	ADP	_	26 air	case
26	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 push	obl
27	about	about	ADP	_	30 minutes	case
28	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	30 minutes	det
29	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 minutes	nummod
30	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 push	obl
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 sleep	punct
32	even	even	ADV	_	35 sleep	advmod
33	in	in	ADP	_	35 sleep	case
34	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 sleep	nmod:poss
35	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 push	obl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 waking	punct
37	without	without	SCONJ	_	38 waking	mark
38	waking	wake	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 swim	conj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 swim	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not swim	can	Hippos					vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	float	infinitive	Hippos not said here					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	make	present	stripes's heavy bones	stripes = stripe				tree rules
4	sink	infinitive	stripes = stripe not said here					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	walk	present	stripes = stripe		the riverbed			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along riverbed=Trajectory
6	push up	present	stripes = stripe not said here		stripes's sleep	minute	for air	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent in sleep=Trajectory
7	wake	gerund	Hippos not said here					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
8	sleep		stripes = stripe					nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:128-madagascar-real-zebras-hippos-and-giraffes.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/128-madagascar-real-zebras-hippos-and-giraffes/9/