The city as a habitat, sentence 11
Herring gulls learn that people carry food and swoop to grab it; scientists in England found gulls were slower to grab food when a person stared straight at them.
Who acts: Herring gulls, people, scientists, gulls, person · What happens: learn, carry, swoop, grab, find, be · To what, where: food · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Herring gulls, people, scientists, gulls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Herring | herring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 gulls | compound |
| 2 | gulls | gull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 learn | nsubj |
| 3 | learn | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 carry | mark |
| 5 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 carry | nsubj |
| 6 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 learn | ccomp |
| 7 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 carry | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 swoop | cc |
| 9 | swoop | swoop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 carry | conj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 grab | mark |
| 11 | grab | grab | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 swoop | advcl |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 grab | obj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 found | punct |
| 14 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 found | nsubj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 England | case |
| 16 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 scientists | nmod |
| 17 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 learn | parataxis |
| 18 | gulls | gull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 slower | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 slower | cop |
| 20 | slower | slow | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 found | ccomp |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 grab | mark |
| 22 | grab | grab | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 slower | advcl |
| 23 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 grab | obj |
| 24 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 27 stared | mark |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 person | det |
| 26 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stared | nsubj |
| 27 | stared | stare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 slower | advcl |
| 28 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 27 stared | advmod |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 them | case |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 stared | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 learn | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | present | Herring gulls | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | carry | present | people | food | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | ||||
| 3 | swoop | present | people not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | grab | to-infinitive | people not said here | food | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | find | past | scientists in England | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is | past | gulls | slow property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | grab | to-infinitive | gulls not said here | food | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | ||||
| 8 | stare | past | a person | at gulls = gull; straight property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/11/