The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens, sentence 14
Epiphytes such as orchids, ferns and bromeliads live on branches high up, catching rain and fallen bits instead of rooting in the soil.
Who acts: Epiphytes · What happens: live, catch, fall, root · To what, where: branches, rain, soil
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Epiphytes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Epiphytes | epiphyte | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 live | nsubj |
| 2 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 4 orchids | case |
| 3 | as | as | ADP | _ | 2 such | fixed |
| 4 | orchids | orchid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Epiphytes | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 ferns | punct |
| 6 | ferns | fern | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 orchids | conj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 bromeliads | cc |
| 8 | bromeliads | bromeliad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Epiphytes | conj |
| 9 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 branches | case |
| 11 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 live | obl |
| 12 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 branches | amod |
| 13 | up | up | ADV | _ | 12 high | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 catching | punct |
| 15 | catching | catch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 live | advcl |
| 16 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 catching | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 bits | cc |
| 18 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 bits | amod |
| 19 | bits | bit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 rain | conj |
| 20 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=SCONJ | 22 rooting | mark |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 instead | fixed |
| 22 | rooting | root | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 catching | advcl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 soil | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 soil | det |
| 25 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rooting | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Epiphytes such orchids and ferns and bromeliads | branches | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on branch=Location | ||||
| 2 | catch | gerund | Epiphytes such orchids and ferns and bromeliads not said here | rain and fallen bits | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme | ||||
| 3 | fall | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | root | gerund | Epiphytes such orchids and ferns and bromeliads not said here | the soil | vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent in soil=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/14/