The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants, sentence 17
Duikers are small forest antelopes whose name means diver in Afrikaans, because they plunge into thick bushes to escape.
Who acts: Duikers, name · What happens: be, mean, plunge, escape · To what, where: small forest antelopes, diver, thick bushes
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duikers, name), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Duikers | duiker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 antelopes | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 antelopes | cop |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 antelopes | amod |
| 4 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 antelopes | compound |
| 5 | antelopes | antelope | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 7 name | nmod:poss |
| 7 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 means | nsubj |
| 8 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 antelopes | acl:relcl |
| 9 | diver | diver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 means | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 Afrikaans | case |
| 11 | Afrikaans | Afrikaans | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 means | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 plunge | punct |
| 13 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 15 plunge | mark |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 plunge | nsubj |
| 15 | plunge | plunge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 means | advcl |
| 16 | into | into | ADP | _ | 18 bushes | case |
| 17 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 bushes | amod |
| 18 | bushes | bush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 plunge | obl |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 escape | mark |
| 20 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 plunge | advcl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 antelopes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Duikers | small forest antelopes | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | mean | present | name | diver | in Afrikaans | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot diver=Theme in afrikaans=Attribute | |||
| 3 | plunge | present | duikers = duiker | thick bushes | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into bush=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | escape | to-infinitive | duikers = duiker not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/159-the-congo-rainforest/17/