The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants, sentence 3
The forest also hides strange animals: the okapi with zebra-striped legs is really a giraffe's cousin, and the pangolin, covered in scales, rolls into a ball that even a leopard cannot open.
Who acts: forest, okapi, pangolin, leopard · What happens: hide, be, cover, roll, not open · To what, where: strange animals, cousin, pangolin, ball
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (forest, okapi, pangolin, leopard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 forest | det |
| 2 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hides | nsubj |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 hides | advmod |
| 4 | hides | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 animals | amod |
| 6 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 hides | obj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 hides | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 okapi | det |
| 9 | okapi | okapi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 cousin | nsubj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 legs | case |
| 11 | zebra | zebra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 striped | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 zebra | punct |
| 13 | striped | stripe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 legs | amod |
| 14 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 okapi | nmod |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 cousin | cop |
| 16 | really | really | ADV | _ | 20 cousin | advmod |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 giraffe | det |
| 18 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 cousin | nmod:poss |
| 19 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 18 giraffe | case |
| 20 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 animals | acl:relcl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 rolls | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 rolls | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 pangolin | det |
| 24 | pangolin | pangolin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rolls | nsubj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 covered | punct |
| 26 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 pangolin | acl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 scales | case |
| 28 | scales | scale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 covered | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 pangolin | punct |
| 30 | rolls | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hides | conj |
| 31 | into | into | ADP | _ | 33 ball | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 ball | det |
| 33 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rolls | obl |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 open | obj |
| 35 | even | even | ADV | _ | 37 leopard | advmod |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 leopard | det |
| 37 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 open | nsubj |
| 38 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 open | aux |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 40 open | advmod |
| 40 | open | open | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 ball | acl:relcl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hides | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hide | present | the forest | strange animals | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | the okapi with striped legs | a giraffe's cousin | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | cover | participle | the pangolin not said here | in scales | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in scale=Theme | ||||
| 4 | roll | present | the pangolin | a ball | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination | ||||
| 5 | not open | can | a leopard | a ball | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location that=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/159-the-congo-rainforest/3/