The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, sentence 2
Apes use tools and know themselves: a chimp fishes termites out of a mound with a grass stem, an orangutan weaves a fresh leafy bed every night, and chimps in a mirror touch a mark on their own face.
Who acts: Apes, chimp, orangutan, chimps · What happens: use, know, fish, weave, touch · To what, where: tools, apes, termites, mound, fresh leafy bed, mark
This is a sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Apes, chimp, orangutan, chimps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 use | nsubj |
| 2 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | tools | tool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 use | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 know | cc |
| 5 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 use | conj |
| 6 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 5 know | obj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 fishes | punct |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 chimp | det |
| 9 | chimp | chimp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fishes | nsubj |
| 10 | fishes | fish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 use | parataxis |
| 11 | termites | termite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 fishes | obj |
| 12 | out | out | ADP | _ | 15 mound | case |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 mound | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 mound | det |
| 15 | mound | mound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 termites | nmod |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 stem | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 stem | det |
| 18 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 stem | compound |
| 19 | stem | stem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 mound | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 weaves | punct |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 orangutan | det |
| 22 | orangutan | orangutan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 weaves | nsubj |
| 23 | weaves | weave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 fishes | conj |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 bed | det |
| 25 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 bed | amod |
| 26 | leafy | leafy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 bed | amod |
| 27 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 weaves | obj |
| 28 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 night | det |
| 29 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 weaves | obl:unmarked |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 touch | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 touch | cc |
| 32 | chimps | chimp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 touch | nsubj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 mirror | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 mirror | det |
| 35 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 chimps | nmod |
| 36 | touch | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 fishes | conj |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 mark | det |
| 38 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 touch | obj |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 face | case |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 face | nmod:poss |
| 41 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 face | amod |
| 42 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 touch | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 use | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | Apes | tools | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient | ||||
| 2 | know | present | Apes not said here | apes = ape | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer themselves=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | fish | present | a chimp | termites | a mound with a grass stem | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent termite=Theme out mound=Location | |||
| 4 | weave | present | a orangutan | a fresh leafy bed | night | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bed=Product | |||
| 5 | touch | present | chimps in a mirror | a mark | on apes's own face | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent mark=Experiencer on face=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/2/