Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted, sentence 3

In 1862 Charles Darwin looked at an orchid whose nectar sat at the bottom of a tube about thirty centimetres long and said a moth with a tongue that long must exist; it was found after his death, and it was named praedicta, meaning predicted.

Who acts: Charles, nectar, moth, tongue · What happens: look, sit, say, exist, find, name · To what, where: bottom, moth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, nectar, moth, tongue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 1862	case
2	1862	1862	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 looked	obl
3	Charles	Charles	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 looked	nsubj
4	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Charles	flat
5	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 orchid	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 orchid	det
8	orchid	orchid	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 looked	obl
9	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	10 nectar	nmod:poss
10	nectar	nectar	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sat	nsubj
11	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 orchid	acl:relcl
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 bottom	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 bottom	det
14	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sat	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 tube	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 tube	det
17	tube	tube	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bottom	nmod
18	about	about	ADP	_	19 thirty	case
19	thirty	thirty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 centimetres	nummod
20	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 long	obl:unmarked
21	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 tube	amod
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 said	cc
23	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 looked	conj
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 moth	det
25	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 said	nsubj
26	with	with	ADP	_	28 tongue	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 tongue	det
28	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 moth	nmod
29	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	32 exist	nsubj
30	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	32 exist	advmod
31	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 exist	aux
32	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 tongue	acl:relcl
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 found	punct
34	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 found	nsubj:pass
35	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	36 found	aux:pass
36	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 looked	conj
37	after	after	ADP	_	39 death	case
38	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	39 death	nmod:poss
39	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 found	obl
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 named	punct
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	44 named	cc
42	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	44 named	nsubj:pass
43	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	44 named	aux:pass
44	named	name	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	36 found	conj
45	praedicta	praedicta	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 named	xcomp
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 meaning	punct
47	meaning	mean	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	44 named	advcl
48	predicted	predict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	47 meaning	xcomp
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 looked	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	past	Charles				at a orchid; in 1862	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in 1862=Theme
2	sit	past	nectar		the bottom of a tube			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at bottom=Location
3	say speech: assert	past	a moth with a tongue					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	exist	must	a tongue				long property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	find	past · passive		moth		after Charles's death		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
6	name	past · passive		moth				vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
7	mean	gerund						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
8	predict not said to happen	participle						vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
9	die		Charles					nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/3/