Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted, sentence 4
A chameleon's two eyes can swivel separately, and chameleons shoot out their tongues in a fraction of a second, faster than a person can blink, and Madagascar has about half of all the chameleon kinds in the world.
Who acts: two eyes, chameleons, person, Madagascar · What happens: swivel, shoot out, blink, have · To what, where: tongues, fraction, half
This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two eyes, chameleons, person, Madagascar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 chameleon | det |
| 2 | chameleon | chameleon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 chameleon | case |
| 4 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 eyes | nummod |
| 5 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 swivel | nsubj |
| 6 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 swivel | aux |
| 7 | swivel | swivel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | separately | separately | ADV | _ | 7 swivel | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 shoot | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 shoot | cc |
| 11 | chameleons | chameleon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 shoot | nsubj |
| 12 | shoot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 swivel | conj |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 12 shoot | compound:prt |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 tongues | nmod:poss |
| 15 | tongues | tongue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 shoot | obj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 fraction | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 fraction | det |
| 18 | fraction | fraction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shoot | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 second | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 second | det |
| 21 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 18 fraction | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 faster | punct |
| 23 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 shoot | advmod |
| 24 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 28 blink | mark |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 person | det |
| 26 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 blink | nsubj |
| 27 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 blink | aux |
| 28 | blink | blink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 faster | advcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 has | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 has | cc |
| 31 | Madagascar | Madagascar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 has | nsubj |
| 32 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 swivel | conj |
| 33 | about | about | ADV | _ | 34 half | advmod |
| 34 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 32 has | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 kinds | case |
| 36 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 39 kinds | det:predet |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 kinds | det |
| 38 | chameleon | chameleon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 kinds | compound |
| 39 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 half | nmod |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 world | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 world | det |
| 42 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 kinds | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 swivel | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swivel | can | a chameleon's two eyes | separately property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | shoot out | present | chameleons | eyes's tongues | a fraction of a second | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent tongue=Theme in fraction=Destination | |||
| 3 | blink | can | a person | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | have | present | Madagascar | half of all chameleon kinds in the world | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/4/