The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings, sentence 15

Ptarmigans are birds that turn white in winter and brown in summer, and they dig snow caves to sleep in because snow keeps the warmth in.

Who acts: Ptarmigans, birds, snow · What happens: be, turn, dig, sleep in, keep in · To what, where: birds, snow caves, warmth

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ptarmigans, birds, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ptarmigans	ptarmigan	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 birds	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 birds	cop
3	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 turn	nsubj
5	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 birds	acl:relcl
6	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 turn	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 winter	case
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turn	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 brown	cc
10	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 turn	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 summer	case
12	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 brown	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 dig	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 dig	cc
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 dig	nsubj
16	dig	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 birds	conj
17	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 caves	compound
18	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 dig	obj
19	to	to	PART	_	20 sleep	mark
20	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 dig	advcl
21	in	in	ADP	_	20 sleep	obl
22	because	because	SCONJ	_	24 keeps	mark
23	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 keeps	nsubj
24	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 dig	advcl
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 warmth	det
26	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 keeps	obj
27	in	in	ADP	_	24 keeps	compound:prt
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 birds	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Ptarmigans	birds			tree rules
2	turn	present	birds		winter	white property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	dig	present	birds = bird	snow caves			vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cave=Theme
4	sleep in	to-infinitive	birds = bird not said here				vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	keep in	present	snow	the warmth			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warmth=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/15/