How close are apes to us?, sentence 10
Baby chimps drink their mother's milk for about 4 or 5 years; big brains take a long time to grow and learn, so apes and humans have long childhoods, and human babies are even more helpless at birth.
Who acts: Baby chimps, big brains, apes, human babies · What happens: drink, take, grow, learn, have, be · To what, where: milk, long childhoods, birth
This is a sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Baby chimps, big brains, apes, human babies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 chimps | compound |
| 2 | chimps | chimp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 drink | nsubj |
| 3 | drink | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 mother | nmod:poss |
| 5 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 milk | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 mother | case |
| 7 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drink | obj |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 years | case |
| 9 | about | about | ADV | _ | 10 4 | advmod |
| 10 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 years | nummod |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 5 | cc |
| 12 | 5 | 5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 4 | conj |
| 13 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 drink | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 drink | punct |
| 15 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 brains | amod |
| 16 | brains | brain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 take | nsubj |
| 17 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 drink | parataxis |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 time | det |
| 19 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 time | amod |
| 20 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 take | obj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 grow | mark |
| 22 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 time | acl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 learn | cc |
| 24 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 grow | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 have | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 have | advmod |
| 27 | apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 have | nsubj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 humans | cc |
| 29 | humans | human | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 apes | conj |
| 30 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 drink | conj |
| 31 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 childhoods | amod |
| 32 | childhoods | childhood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 have | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 helpless | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 helpless | cc |
| 35 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 babies | amod |
| 36 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 helpless | nsubj |
| 37 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 helpless | cop |
| 38 | even | even | ADV | _ | 39 more | advmod |
| 39 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 40 helpless | advmod |
| 40 | helpless | helpless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 have | conj |
| 41 | at | at | ADP | _ | 42 birth | case |
| 42 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 helpless | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 drink | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drink | present | Baby chimps | chimps's mother's milk | year | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient | |||
| 2 | take | present | big brains | time | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | grow | to-infinitive | big brains not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | learn | infinitive | big brains not said here | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | have | present | apes and humans | long childhoods | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent childhood=Patient | ||||
| 6 | is | present | human babies | birth | helpless property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/10/