Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and stone-stealing penguins, sentence 9

Penguins slide on their bellies, called tobogganing, to travel fast on snow, and Adélie penguins can shoot out of the water and jump onto the ice.

Who acts: Penguins, bellies, Adélie penguins · What happens: slide, call, travel, shoot, jump · To what, where: bellies, tobogganing, snow, water, ice · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and stone-stealing penguins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Penguins, bellies, Adélie penguins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 slide	nsubj
2	slide	slide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 bellies	case
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 bellies	nmod:poss
5	bellies	belly	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 slide	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 called	punct
7	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 bellies	acl
8	tobogganing	toboggan	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 called	xcomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 travel	punct
10	to	to	PART	_	11 travel	mark
11	travel	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 slide	advcl
12	fast	fast	ADV	_	11 travel	advmod
13	on	on	ADP	_	14 snow	case
14	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 travel	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 shoot	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 shoot	cc
17	Adélie	Adélie	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 penguins	compound
18	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 shoot	nsubj
19	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 shoot	aux
20	shoot	shoot	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 slide	conj
21	out	out	ADP	_	24 water	case
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 water	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 water	det
24	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 shoot	obl
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 jump	cc
26	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 shoot	conj
27	onto	onto	ADP	_	29 ice	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 ice	det
29	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 jump	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 slide	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	slide	present	Penguins		penguins's bellies		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on belly=Trajectory
2	call	participle	penguins's bellies not said here	tobogganing			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	travel	to-infinitive	Penguins not said here		snow	fast property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on snow=Trajectory
4	shoot	can	Adélie penguins		the water		vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent out water=Destination
5	jump	infinitive	Adélie penguins not said here		the ice		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme onto ice=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins/9/