Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 14

Movile Cave in Romania was sealed off for millions of years until 1986; bacteria make food from chemicals, and dozens of kinds of animals live there, most of them nowhere else.

Who acts: bacteria, dozens · What happens: seal off, make, live · To what, where: Movile Cave, food, chemicals

This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bacteria, dozens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Movile	Movile	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Cave	compound
2	Cave	cave	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 sealed	nsubj:pass
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Romania	case
4	Romania	Romania	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Cave	nmod
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 sealed	aux:pass
6	sealed	seal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	off	off	ADP	_	6 sealed	compound:prt
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 millions	case
9	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 sealed	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 years	case
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 millions	nmod
12	until	until	ADP	_	13 1986	case
13	1986	1986	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 sealed	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 make	punct
15	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 make	nsubj
16	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 sealed	parataxis
17	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 make	obj
18	from	from	ADP	_	19 chemicals	case
19	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 make	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 live	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 live	cc
22	dozens	dozen	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 live	nsubj
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 kinds	case
24	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 dozens	nmod
25	of	of	ADP	_	26 animals	case
26	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 kinds	nmod
27	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 make	conj
28	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	27 live	advmod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 nowhere	punct
30	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	33 nowhere	nsubj
31	of	of	ADP	_	32 them	case
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 most	nmod
33	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	PronType=Neg	16 make	advmod
34	else	else	ADV	_	33 nowhere	advmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 sealed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seal off	past · passive		Movile Cave in Romania		until 1986	for millions of years	vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	make	present	bacteria	food	chemicals		nowhere property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from chemical=Material
3	live	present	dozens of kinds of animals		there			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/14/