The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 6
A lion's roar can be heard about 8 kilometres away; lions roar to mark their territory and call their pride, mostly at night and dawn, when the air is cool and still and sound carries best.
Who acts: lions, air, sound, lion, kilometres · What happens: hear, roar, mark, call, be, carry · To what, where: roar, territory, pride · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lions, air, sound, lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 lion | det |
| 2 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 roar | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 lion | case |
| 4 | roar | roar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 heard | nsubj |
| 5 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | aux |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 heard | aux:pass |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | about | about | ADV | _ | 9 8 | advmod |
| 9 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 kilometres | nummod |
| 10 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 away | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | away | away | ADV | _ | 7 heard | advmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 roar | punct |
| 13 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 roar | nsubj |
| 14 | roar | roar | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | parataxis |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 mark | mark |
| 16 | mark | mark | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 roar | advcl |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 territory | nmod:poss |
| 18 | territory | territory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 mark | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 call | cc |
| 20 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 mark | conj |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 pride | nmod:poss |
| 22 | pride | pride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 call | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 night | punct |
| 24 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 26 night | advmod |
| 25 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 night | case |
| 26 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 call | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 dawn | cc |
| 28 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 night | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 cool | punct |
| 30 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 34 cool | advmod |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 air | det |
| 32 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 cool | nsubj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 cool | cop |
| 34 | cool | cool | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 roar | parataxis |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 carries | cc |
| 36 | still | still | ADV | _ | 34 cool | advmod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 carries | cc |
| 38 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 carries | nsubj |
| 39 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 cool | conj |
| 40 | best | well | ADV | Degree=Sup | 39 carries | advmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | can · passive | a lion's roar | away property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | roar | present | lions | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | |||||
| 3 | mark | to-infinitive | lions not said here | kilometres's territory | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent territory=Destination | ||||
| 4 | call | infinitive | lions not said here | kilometres's pride | night | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pride=Recipient | |||
| 5 | is | present | the air | still | cool property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | carry | present | sound | well property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | roar | a lion | nom roar «event intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 8 | pride | kilometres = kilometre | nom pride «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/6/