Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds, sentence 17

Dogs cool down mostly by panting, because they sweat only a little, through the pads of their paws, so a dog left in a hot car can overheat in minutes, even with a window open.

Who acts: Dogs, dog · What happens: cool down, pant, sweat, leave, overheat · To what, where: little, pads, dog, hot car

This is a sentence of the lesson «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dogs, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cool	nsubj
2	cool	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADP	_	2 cool	compound:prt
4	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	2 cool	advmod
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 panting	mark
6	panting	pant	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 cool	advcl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 sweat	punct
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 sweat	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 sweat	nsubj
10	sweat	sweat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 cool	advcl
11	only	only	ADV	_	13 little	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 little	det
13	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 sweat	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 pads	punct
15	through	through	ADP	_	17 pads	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 pads	det
17	pads	pad	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 sweat	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 paws	case
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 paws	nmod:poss
20	paws	paw	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 pads	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 overheat	punct
22	so	so	ADV	_	31 overheat	advmod
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 dog	det
24	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 overheat	nsubj
25	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 dog	acl
26	in	in	ADP	_	29 car	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 car	det
28	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 car	amod
29	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 left	obl
30	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 overheat	aux
31	overheat	overheat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 pads	parataxis
32	in	in	ADP	_	33 minutes	case
33	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 overheat	obl
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 window	punct
35	even	even	ADV	_	38 window	advmod
36	with	with	ADP	_	38 window	case
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 window	det
38	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 overheat	conj
39	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 window	amod
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 cool	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool down	present	Dogs				mostly property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	pant	gerund	Dogs not said here					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	sweat	present	dogs = dog	a little	the pads of dogs's paws			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pad=Location
4	leave	participle		a dog not said here			in a hot car result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in car=Result
5	overheat	can	a dog			minute		vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/17/