The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 11
A toucan's huge beak is light because it is a honeycomb of bone covered with keratin; it reaches fruit on thin twigs and also lets the bird lose heat, like a radiator.
Who acts: huge beak, beak, bird · What happens: be, cover, reach, let, lose · To what, where: honeycomb, bone, fruit, thin twigs, bird, heat
This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (huge beak, beak, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 toucan | det |
| 2 | toucan | toucan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 beak | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 toucan | case |
| 4 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 beak | amod |
| 5 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 light | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 light | cop |
| 7 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 reaches | parataxis |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 12 honeycomb | mark |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 honeycomb | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 honeycomb | cop |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 honeycomb | det |
| 12 | honeycomb | honeycomb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 light | advcl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 bone | case |
| 14 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 honeycomb | nmod |
| 15 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 bone | acl |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 keratin | case |
| 17 | keratin | keratin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 covered | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 reaches | punct |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 reaches | nsubj |
| 20 | reaches | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 reaches | obj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 twigs | case |
| 23 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 twigs | amod |
| 24 | twigs | twig | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 reaches | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 lets | cc |
| 26 | also | also | ADV | _ | 27 lets | advmod |
| 27 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 reaches | conj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 bird | det |
| 29 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lets | obj |
| 30 | lose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 lets | xcomp |
| 31 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 lose | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 radiator | punct |
| 33 | like | like | ADP | _ | 35 radiator | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 radiator | det |
| 35 | radiator | radiator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 lose | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 light | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a toucan's huge beak | light property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | beak | a honeycomb | of bone | tree rules | |||
| 3 | cover | participle | bone not said here | with keratin | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with keratin=Theme | ||||
| 4 | reach | present | beak | fruit | thin twigs | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme | |||
| 5 | let | present | beak not said here | the bird | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | lose | infinitive | the bird not said here | heat | like a radiator | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/11/