The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 12
Orangutans are the largest tree-living animals, build a fresh sleeping nest of bent branches almost every night and live only on Borneo and Sumatra.
Who acts: Orangutans · What happens: live, be, build · To what, where: largest living animals, fresh sleeping nest, Borneo
This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Orangutans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Orangutans | orangutan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 animals | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 animals | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 animals | det |
| 4 | largest | large | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 animals | amod |
| 5 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 living | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 tree | punct |
| 7 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 animals | amod |
| 8 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 build | punct |
| 10 | build | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 animals | parataxis |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 nest | det |
| 12 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 nest | amod |
| 13 | sleeping | sleeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 nest | compound |
| 14 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 build | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 branches | case |
| 16 | bent | bent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 branches | amod |
| 17 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 nest | nmod |
| 18 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 20 night | advmod |
| 19 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 night | det |
| 20 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 build | obl:unmarked |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 live | cc |
| 22 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 build | conj |
| 23 | only | only | ADV | _ | 22 live | advmod |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 Borneo | case |
| 25 | Borneo | Borneo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 live | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 Sumatra | cc |
| 27 | Sumatra | Sumatra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Borneo | conj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 animals | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | gerund | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | Orangutans | the largest living animals | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | build | present | a fresh sleeping nest of bent branches | night | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product | ||||
| 4 | live | present | Borneo and Sumatra | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on borneo=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/12/