Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat, sentence 2

Spots tell them apart: leopard rosettes are small and empty in the middle, jaguar rosettes are bigger with spots inside, and the cheetah has plain solid spots and black tear lines down its face.

Who acts: Spots, leopard rosettes, jaguar rosettes, cheetah · What happens: tell, be, have · To what, where: shells, middle, plain solid spots · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spots, leopard rosettes, jaguar rosettes, cheetah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tell	nsubj
2	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 tell	iobj
4	apart	apart	ADV	_	2 tell	advmod
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 small	punct
6	leopard	leopard	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rosettes	compound
7	rosettes	rosette	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 small	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 small	cop
9	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 tell	parataxis
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 empty	cc
11	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 small	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 middle	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 middle	det
14	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 empty	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 bigger	punct
16	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 rosettes	compound
17	rosettes	rosette	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 bigger	nsubj
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 bigger	cop
19	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 small	conj
20	with	with	ADP	_	21 spots	case
21	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 bigger	obl
22	inside	inside	ADV	_	19 bigger	advmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 has	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 has	cc
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 cheetah	det
26	cheetah	cheetah	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 has	nsubj
27	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 tell	parataxis
28	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 spots	amod
29	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 spots	amod
30	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 has	obj
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 lines	cc
32	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 lines	amod
33	tear	tear	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 lines	compound
34	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 spots	conj
35	down	down	ADP	_	37 face	case
36	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	37 face	nmod:poss
37	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 lines	obl
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 tell	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	Spots		shells = shell		apart property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
2	is	present	leopard rosettes				small property	tree rules
3	be		leopard rosettes not said here			the middle		tree rules
4	is	present	jaguar rosettes				with spots; big, inside property	tree rules
5	have	present	the cheetah	plain solid spots and black tear lines				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/2/