Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat, sentence 4
House cats came from the African wildcat about 10,000 years ago, when farmers welcomed the mouse-catchers into their grain stores, and they still knead, purr, hunt and twist in the air to land on their feet.
Who acts: House cats, farmers · What happens: come, welcome, knead, purr, hunt, twist · To what, where: African wildcat, mouse catchers, grain stores, air, feet
This is a sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (House cats, farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | House | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cats | compound |
| 2 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 wildcat | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 wildcat | det |
| 6 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 wildcat | amod |
| 7 | wildcat | wildcat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 8 | about | about | ADV | _ | 9 10,000 | advmod |
| 9 | 10,000 | 10000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 years | nummod |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 3 came | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 welcomed | punct |
| 13 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 welcomed | advmod |
| 14 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 welcomed | nsubj |
| 15 | welcomed | welcome | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | advcl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 catchers | det |
| 17 | mouse | mouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 catchers | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 mouse | punct |
| 19 | catchers | catcher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 welcomed | obj |
| 20 | into | into | ADP | _ | 23 stores | case |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 stores | nmod:poss |
| 22 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 stores | compound |
| 23 | stores | store | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 welcomed | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 knead | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 knead | cc |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 knead | nsubj |
| 27 | still | still | ADV | _ | 28 knead | advmod |
| 28 | knead | knead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 purr | punct |
| 30 | purr | purr | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 knead | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 hunt | punct |
| 32 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 knead | conj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 twist | cc |
| 34 | twist | twist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 knead | conj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 air | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 air | det |
| 37 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 twist | obl |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 land | mark |
| 39 | land | land | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 twist | advcl |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 feet | case |
| 41 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 feet | nmod:poss |
| 42 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 land | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | House cats | the African wildcat | ago property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from wildcat=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | welcome | past | farmers | the mouse catchers | farmers's grain stores | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent catcher=Theme | |||
| 3 | knead | present | farmers = farmer | still | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material | ||||
| 4 | purr | present | farmers = farmer not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | hunt | present | farmers = farmer not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | twist | present | farmers = farmer not said here | the air | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in air=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | land | to-infinitive | farmers = farmer not said here | farmers's feet | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on foot=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/4/