Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat, sentence 5
Leopards drag their kills, sometimes as heavy as themselves, up into trees where lions and hyenas cannot steal them.
Who acts: Leopards, lions, farmers · What happens: drag, not steal, kill · To what, where: kills, trees, farmers
This is a sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leopards, lions, farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leopards | leopard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 drag | nsubj |
| 2 | drag | drag | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 kills | nmod:poss |
| 4 | kills | kill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 drag | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 heavy | punct |
| 6 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 8 heavy | advmod |
| 7 | as | as | ADV | _ | 8 heavy | advmod |
| 8 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 kills | amod |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 themselves | case |
| 10 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 8 heavy | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 trees | punct |
| 12 | up | up | ADV | _ | 14 trees | advmod |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 trees | case |
| 14 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 drag | obl |
| 15 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 21 steal | advmod |
| 16 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 steal | nsubj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 hyenas | cc |
| 18 | hyenas | hyena | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lions | conj |
| 19 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 steal | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 steal | advmod |
| 21 | steal | steal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 trees | acl:relcl |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 steal | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 drag | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drag | present | Leopards | farmers's kills | trees | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kill=Theme | |||
| 2 | not steal | can | lions and hyenas | farmers = farmer | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme | ||||
| 3 | kill | farmers = farmer | nom kill «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/5/