Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat, sentence 7

Jaguars have one of the strongest bites of any cat for their size, strong enough to crack turtle shells, and they catch caimans, small crocodiles, in rivers.

Who acts: Jaguars, Africa · What happens: have, crack, catch, bite · To what, where: one, turtle shells, caimans, rivers, cat

This is a sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jaguars, Africa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 have	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 bites	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bites	det
6	strongest	strong	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 bites	amod
7	bites	bite	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 one	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 cat	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 cat	det
10	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bites	nmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 size	case
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 size	nmod:poss
13	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cat	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 bites	punct
15	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bites	amod
16	enough	enough	ADV	_	15 strong	advmod
17	to	to	PART	_	18 crack	mark
18	crack	crack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 strong	advcl
19	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 shells	compound
20	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 crack	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 catch	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 catch	cc
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 catch	nsubj
24	catch	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	conj
25	caimans	caiman	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 catch	obj
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 crocodiles	punct
27	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 crocodiles	amod
28	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 caimans	conj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 rivers	punct
30	in	in	ADP	_	31 rivers	case
31	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 catch	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	have	present	Jaguars	one of the strongest bites of any cat for Africa's size		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient
2	crack	to-infinitive	Jaguars not said here	turtle shells		vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shell=Theme
3	catch	present	Africa	caimans and small crocodiles	rivers	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caiman=Theme
4	bite			any cat for Africa's size		nom bite «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/7/