Budgies and canaries, sentence 3
Canaries are small finches whose males are famous for their songs; long ago coal miners carried them underground because a canary showed the effects of bad gas before people noticed it.
Who acts: Canaries, males, coal miners, canary, people · What happens: be, carry, show, notice, sing, effect · To what, where: small finches, males, effects, gas, bad gas
This is a sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Canaries, males, coal miners, canary), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Canaries | canary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 finches | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 finches | cop |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 finches | amod |
| 4 | finches | finch | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 6 males | nmod:poss |
| 6 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 famous | nsubj |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 famous | cop |
| 8 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 finches | acl:relcl |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 songs | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 songs | nmod:poss |
| 11 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 famous | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 finches | punct |
| 13 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 ago | advmod |
| 14 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 17 carried | advmod |
| 15 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 miners | compound |
| 16 | miners | miner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 carried | nsubj |
| 17 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 finches | parataxis |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 carried | obj |
| 19 | underground | underground | ADV | _ | 17 carried | advmod |
| 20 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 23 showed | mark |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 canary | det |
| 22 | canary | canary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 showed | nsubj |
| 23 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 carried | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 effects | det |
| 25 | effects | effect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 showed | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 gas | case |
| 27 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 gas | amod |
| 28 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 effects | nmod |
| 29 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 31 noticed | mark |
| 30 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 noticed | nsubj |
| 31 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 showed | advcl |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 noticed | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 finches | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Canaries | small finches | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | males | for males's songs; famous property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | carry | past | coal miners | males = male | ago, underground property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 4 | show | past | a canary | the effects of bad gas | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent effect=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | notice | past | people | gas | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | sing | males = male | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 7 | effect | bad gas | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/3/