Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, sentence 3
Moths are the butterflies' night-time cousins; only the caterpillars of a few kinds ever eat clothes, and the moths circling a lamp are not in love with it but confused by it.
Who acts: Moths, few kinds · What happens: be, eat, circle, not be, confuse · To what, where: time cousins, clothes, lamp, love
This is a sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moths, few kinds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Moths | moth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 cousins | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 cousins | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 butterflies | det |
| 4 | butterflies | butterfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 cousins | nmod:poss |
| 5 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 4 butterflies | case |
| 6 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 time | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 night | punct |
| 8 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cousins | compound |
| 9 | cousins | cousin | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 caterpillars | punct |
| 11 | only | only | ADV | _ | 13 caterpillars | advmod |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 caterpillars | det |
| 13 | caterpillars | caterpillar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 cousins | conj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 kinds | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 kinds | det |
| 16 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 kinds | amod |
| 17 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 caterpillars | nmod |
| 18 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 19 eat | advmod |
| 19 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 kinds | acl:relcl |
| 20 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 19 eat | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 love | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 love | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 moths | det |
| 24 | moths | moth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 love | nsubj |
| 25 | circling | circle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 moths | acl |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 lamp | det |
| 27 | lamp | lamp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 circling | obj |
| 28 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 love | cop |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 love | advmod |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 love | case |
| 31 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cousins | conj |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 it | case |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 love | nmod |
| 34 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 35 confused | cc |
| 35 | confused | confuse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 cousins | conj |
| 36 | by | by | ADP | _ | 37 it | case |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 confused | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 cousins | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Moths | the butterflies's time cousins and the caterpillars of a few kinds and love | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | eat | present | a few kinds not said here | clothes | ever | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Patient | |||
| 3 | circle | gerund | the moths not said here | a lamp | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lamp=Co-Theme | ||||
| 4 | not is | present | the moths | love | with butterfly | tree rules | |||
| 5 | confuse | participle | Moths not said here | by butterfly | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/3/