Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 1
Think of a family trip led by Nan, who has done the drive for fifty years: in a drought, the matriarch remembers a waterhole the herd hasn't visited for years and leads them all there.
Who acts: you, Nan, matriarch, waterhole · What happens: think, lead, do, remember, not visit · To what, where: family trip, drive, waterhole, drought, herd, babies
This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Nan, matriarch, waterhole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Think | think | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 trip | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 trip | det |
| 4 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 trip | compound |
| 5 | trip | trip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Think | obl |
| 6 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 trip | acl |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 Nan | case |
| 8 | Nan | Nan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 led | obl:agent |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 done | punct |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 done | nsubj |
| 11 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 done | aux |
| 12 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 Nan | acl:relcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 drive | det |
| 14 | drive | drive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 done | obj |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 years | case |
| 16 | fifty | fifty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 years | nummod |
| 17 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 done | obl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 remembers | punct |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 drought | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 drought | det |
| 21 | drought | drought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 remembers | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 drought | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 matriarch | det |
| 24 | matriarch | matriarch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 remembers | nsubj |
| 25 | remembers | remember | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Think | parataxis |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 waterhole | det |
| 27 | waterhole | waterhole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 remembers | obj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 herd | det |
| 29 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 visited | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 visited | aux |
| 31 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 visited | advmod |
| 32 | visited | visit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 waterhole | acl:relcl |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 years | case |
| 34 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 visited | obl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 leads | cc |
| 36 | leads | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 visited | conj |
| 37 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 leads | obj |
| 38 | all | all | ADV | _ | 39 there | advmod |
| 39 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 leads | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Think | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | imperative | you not said here | of a family trip | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | lead | participle | a family trip not said here | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | |||||
| 3 | do | present · perfect | Nan | the drive | year | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drive=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | remember | present | the matriarch | a waterhole | a drought | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent waterhole=Theme | |||
| 5 | not visit | present · perfect · passive | a waterhole not said here | the herd | year | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent | |||
| 6 | lead | present | a waterhole not said here | babies = baby | there | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/1/