Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 2
An African elephant's two huge ears are like radiators full of blood vessels, so flapping them cools the blood; spread wide with a head shake, the same ears mean «back off».
Who acts: two huge ears, flapping, same ears · What happens: be, flap, cool, spread, mean · To what, where: ears, blood
This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two huge ears, flapping, same ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 elephant | det |
| 2 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 elephant | amod |
| 3 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ears | nmod:poss |
| 4 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 3 elephant | case |
| 5 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 ears | nummod |
| 6 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ears | amod |
| 7 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 radiators | nsubj |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 radiators | cop |
| 9 | like | like | ADP | _ | 10 radiators | case |
| 10 | radiators | radiator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 cools | parataxis |
| 11 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 radiators | amod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 vessels | case |
| 13 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 vessels | compound |
| 14 | vessels | vessel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 full | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 flapping | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 flapping | advmod |
| 17 | flapping | flap | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 cools | csubj |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 flapping | obj |
| 19 | cools | cool | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 blood | det |
| 21 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cools | obj |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 spread | punct |
| 23 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 mean | advcl |
| 24 | wide | wide | ADV | _ | 23 spread | advmod |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 shake | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 shake | det |
| 27 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 shake | compound |
| 28 | shake | shake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 spread | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 mean | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 ears | det |
| 31 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 ears | amod |
| 32 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 mean | nsubj |
| 33 | mean | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 cools | parataxis |
| 34 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 33 mean | punct |
| 35 | back | back | ADV | _ | 33 mean | advmod |
| 36 | off | off | ADP | _ | 35 back | compound:prt |
| 37 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 33 mean | punct |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 radiators | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a African elephant's two huge ears | like radiators | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | flap | gerund | ears = ear | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | |||||
| 3 | cool | present | flapping | the blood | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent blood=Patient | ||||
| 4 | spread | participle | the same ears not said here | with a head shake; wide property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | mean | present | the same ears | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/2/