Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 3
Tusks are two very long front teeth made of ivory that grow all life long, and elephants are left- or right-tusked, just as you are left- or right-handed.
Who acts: Tusks, two long front teeth · What happens: be, make, grow, leave, tusk, hand · To what, where: two long front teeth, elephants, right, you
This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tusks, two long front teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 teeth | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 teeth | cop |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 teeth | nummod |
| 4 | very | very | ADV | _ | 5 long | advmod |
| 5 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 teeth | amod |
| 6 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 teeth | amod |
| 7 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 teeth | acl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 ivory | case |
| 10 | ivory | ivory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | obl |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 grow | nsubj |
| 12 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 teeth | acl:relcl |
| 13 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 life | det |
| 14 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 long | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 grow | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 left | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 left | cc |
| 18 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 left | nsubj |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 left | aux:pass |
| 20 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 teeth | conj |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 tusked | punct |
| 22 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 tusked | cc |
| 23 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 tusked | nmod:unmarked |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 right | punct |
| 25 | tusked | tusk | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 left | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 handed | punct |
| 27 | just | just | ADV | _ | 36 handed | advmod |
| 28 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 31 left | mark |
| 29 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 left | nsubj |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 left | aux:pass |
| 31 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 handed | advcl |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 left | punct |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 36 handed | cc |
| 34 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 handed | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 right | punct |
| 36 | handed | hand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 left | conj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 teeth | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Tusks | two long front teeth | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | participle | two long front teeth not said here | of ivory | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | grow | present | two long front teeth | long property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | leave | present · passive | elephants | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 5 | tusk | participle | right | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | leave | present · passive | you | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 7 | hand | participle | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/3/