Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 4

Dumbo flies with his ears and cartoons show elephants as clumsy and forgetful; real ears never lift an elephant off the ground, but they do cool it, and real elephants remember friends and places for decades.

Who acts: Dumbo, cartoons, real ears, ears, real elephants · What happens: fly, show, not lift, cool, remember · To what, where: elephants, elephant, ground, friends

This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dumbo, cartoons, real ears, ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dumbo	Dumbo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 flies	nsubj
2	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 ears	case
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 ears	nmod:poss
5	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flies	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 show	cc
7	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 show	nsubj
8	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 flies	conj
9	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 show	obj
10	as	as	ADP	_	11 clumsy	case
11	clumsy	clumsy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 show	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 forgetful	cc
13	forgetful	forgetful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 clumsy	conj
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 lift	punct
15	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 ears	amod
16	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 lift	nsubj
17	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	18 lift	advmod
18	lift	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 flies	parataxis
19	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 elephant	det
20	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 lift	obj
21	off	off	ADP	_	23 ground	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 ground	det
23	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 lift	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 cool	punct
25	but	but	CCONJ	_	28 cool	cc
26	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 cool	nsubj
27	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 cool	aux
28	cool	cool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 lift	conj
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 cool	obj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 remember	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 remember	cc
32	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 elephants	amod
33	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 remember	nsubj
34	remember	remember	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 flies	conj
35	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 remember	obj
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 places	cc
37	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 friends	conj
38	for	for	ADP	_	39 decades	case
39	decades	decade	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 remember	obl
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 flies	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	present	Dumbo					with Dumbo's ears	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	show	present	cartoons		elephants			as clumsy	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent elephant=Recipient
3	not lift	present	real ears	a elephant		the ground			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent elephant=Theme off ground=Destination
4	cool	present · do-support	ears = ear	elephant					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
5	remember	present	real elephants	friends and places			decade		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent friend=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/4/