Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 12
Real vampire bats are tiny, live in Central and South America and mostly lap blood from sleeping cows, horses and birds; they share food with hungry friends.
Who acts: Real vampire bats, calls · What happens: be, live, lap, share · To what, where: Central, blood, food
This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real vampire bats, calls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 bats | amod |
| 2 | vampire | vampire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bats | compound |
| 3 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 tiny | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tiny | cop |
| 5 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 live | punct |
| 7 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tiny | conj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 Central | case |
| 9 | Central | Central | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 live | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 America | cc |
| 11 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Central | conj |
| 12 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Central | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 lap | cc |
| 14 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 15 lap | advmod |
| 15 | lap | lap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tiny | conj |
| 16 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 lap | obj |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 cows | case |
| 18 | sleeping | sleeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cows | compound |
| 19 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 lap | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 horses | punct |
| 21 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 cows | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 birds | cc |
| 23 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 cows | conj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 share | punct |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 share | nsubj |
| 26 | share | share | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tiny | parataxis |
| 27 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 share | obj |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 friends | case |
| 29 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 friends | amod |
| 30 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 share | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 tiny | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert, polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Real vampire bats | tiny property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | live | present | Real vampire bats not said here | Central and South and America | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in central=Location | ||||
| 3 | lap | present | Real vampire bats not said here | blood | from sleeping cows and horses and birds; mostly property | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient | |||
| 4 | share | present | calls = call | food | with hungry friends | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/12/