Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 13
Bats are the only mammals that can truly fly, and about one in five kinds of mammal is a bat.
Who acts: Bats, only mammals, one · What happens: be, fly · To what, where: only mammals, bat
This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, only mammals, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mammals | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 mammals | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 mammals | det |
| 4 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 mammals | amod |
| 5 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 fly | nsubj |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 fly | aux |
| 8 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 9 fly | advmod |
| 9 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 mammals | acl:relcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 bat | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 bat | cc |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 one | advmod |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 bat | nsubj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 kinds | case |
| 15 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 kinds | nummod |
| 16 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 one | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 mammal | case |
| 18 | mammal | mammal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 kinds | nmod |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 bat | cop |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 bat | det |
| 21 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 mammals | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 mammals | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Bats | the only mammals and a bat | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fly | can | the only mammals and a bat | truly property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | one in five kinds of mammal | a bat | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/13/