Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 15
A small bat can catch hundreds of midges in an hour, so bats are free pest control.
Who acts: small bat, bats · What happens: catch, be · To what, where: hundreds, free pest control
This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small bat, bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 bat | det |
| 2 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 bat | amod |
| 3 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 catch | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 catch | aux |
| 5 | catch | catch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 catch | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 midges | case |
| 8 | midges | midge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 hundreds | nmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 hour | case |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 hour | det |
| 11 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 catch | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 control | punct |
| 13 | so | so | CCONJ | _ | 18 control | cc |
| 14 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 control | nsubj |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 control | cop |
| 16 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 control | amod |
| 17 | pest | pest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 control | compound |
| 18 | control | control | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 catch | parataxis |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 catch | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | catch | can | a small bat | hundreds of midges | hour | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | present | bats | free pest control | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/15/