Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 16

Bat boxes give bats safe places to sleep as old hollow trees and barns disappear, and in Britain bats and their roosts are protected by law.

Who acts: Bat boxes, old hollow trees, law · What happens: give, sleep, disappear, protect · To what, where: safe places, bats, Britain

This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bat boxes, old hollow trees, law), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 boxes	compound
2	boxes	box	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 give	nsubj
3	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 give	iobj
5	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 places	amod
6	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 give	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 sleep	mark
8	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 places	acl
9	as	as	SCONJ	_	15 disappear	mark
10	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 trees	amod
11	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 trees	amod
12	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 disappear	nsubj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 barns	cc
14	barns	barn	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 trees	conj
15	disappear	disappear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 sleep	advcl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 protected	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 protected	cc
18	in	in	ADP	_	19 Britain	case
19	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 protected	obl
20	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 protected	nsubj:pass
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 roosts	cc
22	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 roosts	nmod:poss
23	roosts	roost	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 bats	conj
24	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 protected	aux:pass
25	protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 give	conj
26	by	by	ADP	_	27 law	case
27	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 protected	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 give	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	give	present	Bat boxes	safe places	bats		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent bat=Recipient place=Theme
2	sleep	to-infinitive	Bat boxes not said here	safe places not said here			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	disappear	present	old hollow trees and barns				vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	protect	present · passive	law	bats and trees's roosts		Britain	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/16/