Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 7

No bat is blind: small bats see quite well in dim light, and big fruit bats called flying foxes find fruit by sight and smell and mostly do not echolocate.

Who acts: bat, small bats, big fruit bats, foxes · What happens: be, see, call, fly, find, not echolocate · To what, where: dim light, fruit · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bat, small bats, big fruit bats, foxes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 bat	det
2	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blind	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 blind	cop
4	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 see	punct
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bats	amod
7	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 see	nsubj
8	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 blind	parataxis
9	quite	quite	ADV	_	10 well	advmod
10	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 see	advmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 light	case
12	dim	dim	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 light	amod
13	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 see	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 called	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 called	cc
16	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 bats	amod
17	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 bats	compound
18	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 called	nsubj
19	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 blind	parataxis
20	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 called	xcomp
21	foxes	fox	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 find	nsubj
22	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 flying	ccomp
23	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 find	obj
24	by	by	ADP	_	25 sight	case
25	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 find	obl
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 smell	cc
27	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 sight	conj
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 echolocate	cc
29	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	32 echolocate	advmod
30	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 echolocate	aux
31	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	32 echolocate	advmod
32	echolocate	echolocate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 find	conj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 blind	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	no bat			blind property	tree rules
2	see	present	small bats		dim light	well property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	call	past	big fruit bats				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	fly	gerund	big fruit bats not said here				tree rules
5	find	present	foxes	fruit		by sight and smell	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Topic
6	not echolocate	present · do-support	foxes not said here			mostly property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/7/