Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 8

Just before it grabs a moth, a bat calls faster and faster, up to about 200 calls a second; this is called the feeding buzz.

Who acts: fruit, bat · What happens: grab, call · To what, where: moth, 200 calls, this · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fruit, bat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Just	just	ADV	_	4 grabs	advmod
2	before	before	SCONJ	_	4 grabs	mark
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 grabs	nsubj
4	grabs	grab	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 moth	det
6	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 grabs	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 calls	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 bat	det
9	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 calls	nsubj
10	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 grabs	conj
11	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 calls	xcomp
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 faster	cc
13	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 faster	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 calls	punct
15	up	up	ADV	_	19 calls	advmod
16	to	to	ADP	_	15 up	fixed
17	about	about	ADV	_	18 200	advmod
18	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	19 calls	nummod
19	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 calls	obj
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 second	det
21	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 calls	nmod:unmarked
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 called	punct
23	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	25 called	nsubj:pass
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 called	aux:pass
25	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 grabs	conj
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 buzz	det
27	feeding	feeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 buzz	compound
28	buzz	buzz	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 called	xcomp
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 grabs	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	grab	present	fruit	a moth		vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme
2	call	present	a bat	200 calls a second	fast property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent call=Recipient
3	call	present · passive		this		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/8/