Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 12

Loud noise from ships and underwater building can drown out whale and dolphin calls; after 11 September 2001, when few ships sailed for a few days, scientists found right whales were calmer and less stressed.

Who acts: Loud noise, few ships, scientists, right whales · What happens: drown out, sail, find, be · To what, where: whale · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Loud noise, few ships, scientists, right whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 noise	amod
2	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 drown	nsubj
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 ships	case
4	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 noise	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 building	cc
6	underwater	underwater	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 building	amod
7	building	building	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ships	conj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 drown	aux
9	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	out	out	ADP	_	9 drown	compound:prt
11	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 drown	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 calls	cc
13	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 whale	conj
14	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 whale	conj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 found	punct
16	after	after	ADP	_	17 11	case
17	11	11	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	18 September	nummod
18	September	September	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 found	obl
19	2001	2001	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	17 11	nmod:unmarked
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 found	punct
21	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	24 sailed	advmod
22	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 ships	amod
23	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 sailed	nsubj
24	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 found	advcl
25	for	for	ADP	_	28 days	case
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 days	det
27	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 days	amod
28	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 sailed	obl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 found	punct
30	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 found	nsubj
31	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 drown	advcl
32	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 whales	amod
33	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 calmer	nsubj
34	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	35 calmer	cop
35	calmer	calm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	31 found	ccomp
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 stressed	cc
37	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	38 stressed	advmod
38	stressed	stress	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 calmer	conj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 drown	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	drown out	can	Loud noise from ships and underwater building	whale and dolphin and calls			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Patient
2	sail	past	few ships		day		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
3	find	past	scientists		september		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
4	is	past	right whales			calm property	tree rules
5	be		right whales not said here			less property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/12/