Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 11

The hoverfly is harmless but has wasp-like yellow and black stripes, which is mimicry; hoverflies can hover still in the air and have two wings, while wasps have four.

Who acts: hoverfly, like yellow stripes, hoverflies, wasps · What happens: be, have, hover · To what, where: like yellow stripes, mimicry, air, two wings, four

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hoverfly, like yellow stripes, hoverflies, wasps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hoverfly	det
2	hoverfly	hoverfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 harmless	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harmless	cop
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 has	cc
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harmless	conj
7	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 like	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 like	punct
9	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 stripes	amod
10	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 stripes	amod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 black	cc
12	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 yellow	conj
13	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 has	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 mimicry	punct
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 mimicry	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 mimicry	cop
17	mimicry	mimicry	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 stripes	acl:relcl
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 hover	punct
19	hoverflies	hoverfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 hover	nsubj
20	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 hover	aux
21	hover	hover	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 harmless	conj
22	still	still	ADV	_	21 hover	advmod
23	in	in	ADP	_	25 air	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 air	det
25	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 hover	obl
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 have	cc
27	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 hover	conj
28	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	29 wings	nummod
29	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 have	obj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 have	punct
31	while	while	SCONJ	_	33 have	mark
32	wasps	wasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 have	nsubj
33	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harmless	advcl
34	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	33 have	obj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 harmless	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the hoverfly				harmless property	tree rules
2	have	present	the hoverfly not said here	like yellow stripes				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient
3	is a	present	like yellow stripes	mimicry				tree rules
4	hover	can	hoverflies		the air	still		vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location
5	have	infinitive	hoverflies not said here	two wings				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient
6	have	present	wasps	four				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent four=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/11/