Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 9

Ladybirds bleed a bitter, smelly yellow liquid from their knees when attacked, called reflex bleeding, and their red and black colours warn birds; their spots show the kind of ladybird, not its age.

Who acts: Ladybirds, bitter smelly yellow liquid, red colours, spots · What happens: bleed, attack, call, warn, show · To what, where: bitter smelly yellow liquid, knees, reflex bleeding, age, birds, kind · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ladybirds, bitter smelly yellow liquid, red colours, spots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ladybirds	ladybird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bleed	nsubj
2	bleed	bleed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 liquid	det
4	bitter	bitter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 liquid	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 liquid	punct
6	smelly	smelly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 liquid	amod
7	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 liquid	amod
8	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bleed	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 knees	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 knees	nmod:poss
11	knees	knee	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bleed	obl
12	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 attacked	advmod
13	attacked	attack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 bleed	advcl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 called	punct
15	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 liquid	acl
16	reflex	reflex	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 bleeding	compound
17	bleeding	bleeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 called	xcomp
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 warn	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 warn	cc
20	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 colours	nmod:poss
21	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 colours	amod
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 black	cc
23	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 red	conj
24	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 warn	nsubj
25	warn	warn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 bleed	conj
26	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 warn	obj
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 show	punct
28	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 spots	nmod:poss
29	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 show	nsubj
30	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 warn	parataxis
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 kind	det
32	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 show	obj
33	of	of	ADP	_	34 ladybird	case
34	ladybird	ladybird	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 kind	nmod
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 age	punct
36	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	38 age	advmod
37	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 age	nmod:poss
38	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 warn	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 bleed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	bleed	present	Ladybirds	a bitter smelly yellow liquid		Ladybirds's knees	vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent liquid=Theme from knee=Source
2	attack	participle	Ladybirds not said here				vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	call	participle	a bitter smelly yellow liquid not said here	reflex bleeding			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	warn speech: warn	present	Ladybirds's red colours	kind's age	birds		vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient
5	show	present	Ladybirds's spots	the kind of ladybird			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kind=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/9/