Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 1
A hedgehog rolls into a tight ball of spines, a pangolin curls up in scales so tough that a lion cannot bite through, and a tortoise pulls its head into a shell that is part of its own skeleton.
Who acts: hedgehog, pangolin, lion, tortoise, shell · What happens: roll, curl up, not bite, pull, be · To what, where: tight ball, scales, head, shell, part
This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hedgehog, pangolin, lion, tortoise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 hedgehog | det |
| 2 | hedgehog | hedgehog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rolls | nsubj |
| 3 | rolls | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 ball | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 ball | det |
| 6 | tight | tight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ball | amod |
| 7 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rolls | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 spines | case |
| 9 | spines | spine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 ball | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 curls | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 pangolin | det |
| 12 | pangolin | pangolin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 curls | nsubj |
| 13 | curls | curl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rolls | conj |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 curls | compound:prt |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 scales | case |
| 16 | scales | scale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 curls | obl |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 tough | advmod |
| 18 | tough | tough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 curls | ccomp |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 bite | mark |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 lion | det |
| 21 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 bite | nsubj |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 bite | aux |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 bite | advmod |
| 24 | bite | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 tough | advcl |
| 25 | through | through | ADV | _ | 24 bite | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 pulls | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 pulls | cc |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 tortoise | det |
| 29 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pulls | nsubj |
| 30 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rolls | conj |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 head | nmod:poss |
| 32 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pulls | obj |
| 33 | into | into | ADP | _ | 35 shell | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 shell | det |
| 35 | shell | shell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pulls | obl |
| 36 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 part | nsubj |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 part | cop |
| 38 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 shell | acl:relcl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 skeleton | case |
| 40 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 skeleton | nmod:poss |
| 41 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 skeleton | amod |
| 42 | skeleton | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 part | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 rolls | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roll | present | a hedgehog | a tight ball of spines | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination | ||||
| 2 | curl up | present | a pangolin | scales | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not bite | can | a lion | through property | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | pull | present | a tortoise | tortoise's head | a shell | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | |||
| 5 | is a | present | a shell | part | of tortoise's own skeleton | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/1/